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# 發送GET請求
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')

# 查看響應狀態碼
print(f"狀態碼: {response.status_code}")

# 查看響應內容
print(f"響應內容類型: {response.headers['content-type']}")
print(f"響應內容: {response.text[:100]}...") # 只顯示前100個字符

小貼士： response對象包含了服務器響應的所有信息，不僅有內容，還有狀態碼、響應頭等重要信息。

請求參數處理

看看如何優雅地處理URL參數：

import requests



# 使用params參數傳遞查詢參數

params = {

    'q': 'python',

    'sort': 'stars',

    'order': 'desc'

}



response = requests.get(

    'https://api.github.com/search/repositories',

    params=params

)



# 查看實際請求的URL

print(f"完整URL: {response.url}")



# 解析JSON響應

data = response.json()

print(f"查找到的倉庫數量: {data.get('total_count', 0)}")

處理不同類型的請求

Requests支持所有常見的HTTP方法：

import requests



# POST請求示例

data = {'username': 'python_lover', 'password': '12345'}

response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=data)



# PUT請求示例

response = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data={'key': 'value'})



# DELETE請求示例

response = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')



# 自定義請求頭

headers = {

    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36',

    'Accept': 'application/json'

}

response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', headers=headers)

文件上傳與下載

來看看如何處理文件操作：

import requests



# 上傳文件

def upload_file():

    files = {

        'file': ('test.txt', open('test.txt', 'rb'), 'text/plain')

    }

    response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', files=files)

    return response.json()



# 下載文件

def download_file(url, filename):

    response = requests.get(url, stream=True)

    if response.status_code == 200:

        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:

            for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):

                f.write(chunk)

        return True

    return False



# 使用示例

# download_file('https://example.com/file.pdf', 'downloaded.pdf')

會話和Cookie處理

使用會話來維持連接和Cookie：

import requests



# 創建會話對象

session = requests.Session()



# 設置會話級別的請求頭

session.headers.update({

    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0',

    'Accept': 'application/json'

})



# 使用會話發送請求

response = session.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessionid/123456789')

print(f"Cookie: {session.cookies.get_dict()}")



# 后續請求會自動帶上之前的Cookie

response = session.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies')

print(f"服務器看到的Cookie: {response.json()}")

異常處理

優雅地處理請求中可能出現的異常：

import requests

from requests.exceptions import RequestException



def safe_request(url):

    try:

        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)

        response.raise_for_status()  # 檢查響應狀態

        return response.json()

    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:

        print("請求超時")

    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:

        print(f"HTTP錯誤: {e}")

    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:

        print(f"請求出錯: {e}")

    return None



# 使用示例

result = safe_request('https://api.github.com/users/invalid_user_12345')