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網(wǎng)關(guān)介紹

網(wǎng)關(guān)其實(shí)就是將我們寫(xiě)好的API全部放在一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的地址暴露在公網(wǎng)，提供訪問(wèn)的一個(gè)入口。在 .NET Core下可以使用Ocelot來(lái)幫助我們很方便的接入API 網(wǎng)關(guān)。與之類似的庫(kù)還有ProxyKit，微軟也發(fā)布了一個(gè)反向代理的庫(kù)YARP。

關(guān)于網(wǎng)關(guān)的介紹不多說(shuō)了，網(wǎng)上文章也挺多的，這些都是不錯(cuò)的選擇，聽(tīng)說(shuō)后期Ocelot將會(huì)使用YARP來(lái)重寫(xiě)。本篇主要實(shí)踐一下在.NET Core環(huán)境下使用Ocelot。

Ocelot官網(wǎng)：https://threemammals.com/ocelot
Ocelot文檔：https://ocelot.readthedocs.io
GitHub：https://github.com/ThreeMammals/Ocelot
Ocelot資源匯總：https://www.cnblogs.com/shanyou/p/10363360.html

接入使用

接口示例

先創(chuàng)建幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目用于測(cè)試，創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)默認(rèn)的API項(xiàng)目，Api_A和Api_B，在創(chuàng)建一個(gè)網(wǎng)關(guān)項(xiàng)目Api_Gateway，網(wǎng)關(guān)項(xiàng)目可以選擇空的模板。

現(xiàn)在分別在Api_A和Api_B中寫(xiě)幾個(gè)api，將默認(rèn)的WeatherForecastController中返回模型WeatherForecast添加一個(gè)字段Source，用于區(qū)分是哪個(gè)API返回的數(shù)據(jù)。

using System;



namespace Api_A

{

    public class WeatherForecast

    {

        public string Source { get; set; } = "Api_A";



        public DateTime Date { get; set; }



        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }



        public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);



        public string Summary { get; set; }

    }

}



using System;



namespace Api_B

{

    public class WeatherForecast

    {

        public string Source { get; set; } = "Api_B";



        public DateTime Date { get; set; }



        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }



        public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);



        public string Summary { get; set; }

    }

}

直接使用WeatherForecastController默認(rèn)方法，在路由中添加api前綴。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;



namespace Api_A.Controllers

{

    [ApiController]

    [Route("api/[controller]")]

    public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase

    {

        private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]

        {

            "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"

        };



        [HttpGet]

        public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()

        {

            var rng = new Random();

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast

            {

                Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),

                TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),

                Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]

            }).ToArray();

        }

    }

}



using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;



namespace Api_B.Controllers

{

    [ApiController]

    [Route("api/[controller]")]

    public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase

    {

        private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]

        {

            "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"

        };



        [HttpGet]

        public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()

        {

            var rng = new Random();

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast

            {

                Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),

                TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),

                Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]

            }).ToArray();

        }

    }

}

再分別在Api_A和Api_B中添加兩個(gè)控制器：ApiAController、ApiBController，然后加上幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的restful api。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

using System.Collections.Generic;



namespace Api_A.Controllers

{

    [Route("api/[controller]")]

    [ApiController]

    public class ApiAController : ControllerBase

    {

        [HttpGet]

        public IEnumerable<string> Get()

        {

            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };

        }



        [HttpGet("{id}")]

        public string Get(int id)

        {

            return $"Get：{id}";

        }



        [HttpPost]

        public string Post([FromForm] string value)

        {

            return $"Post:{value}";

        }



        [HttpPut("{id}")]

        public string Put(int id, [FromForm] string value)

        {

            return $"Put:{id}:{value}";

        }



        [HttpDelete("{id}")]

        public string Delete(int id)

        {

            return $"Delete:{id}";

        }

    }

}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

using System.Collections.Generic;



namespace Api_B.Controllers

{

    [Route("api/[controller]")]

    [ApiController]

    public class ApiBController : ControllerBase

    {

        [HttpGet]

        public IEnumerable<string> Get()

        {

            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };

        }



        [HttpGet("{id}")]

        public string Get(int id)

        {

            return $"Get：{id}";

        }



        [HttpPost]

        public string Post([FromForm] string value)

        {

            return $"Post:{value}";

        }



        [HttpPut("{id}")]

        public string Put(int id, [FromForm] string value)

        {

            return $"Put:{id}:{value}";

        }



        [HttpDelete("{id}")]

        public string Delete(int id)

        {

            return $"Delete:{id}";

        }

    }

}

方便查看接口，這里添加一下swagger組件，這樣我們Api_A和Api_B項(xiàng)目分別就有了6個(gè)接口。

接著打包docker鏡像，放在docker中運(yùn)行這兩個(gè)api項(xiàng)目。這一步可以用任何你熟悉的方式，run起來(lái)即可。

docker build -t api_a:dev -f ./Api_A/Dockerfile .

docker build -t api_b:dev -f ./Api_B/Dockerfile .

build成功后，指定兩個(gè)端口運(yùn)行api項(xiàng)目。

docker run -d -p 5050:80 --name api_a api_a:dev

docker run -d -p 5051:80 --name api_b api_b:dev

Api_A指定了5050端口，通過(guò) http://localhost:5050/swagger打開(kāi)可以看到swagger文檔界面，Api_B指定了5051端口，通過(guò) http://localhost:5051/swagger打開(kāi)可以看到swagger文檔界面，這樣就大功告成了，接下來(lái)才是重點(diǎn)將兩個(gè)api項(xiàng)目配置到Api_Gateway網(wǎng)關(guān)項(xiàng)目中。

配置網(wǎng)關(guān)

在網(wǎng)關(guān)項(xiàng)目Api_Gateway中都添加Ocelot組件包。

Install-Package Ocelot

Ocelot中最關(guān)鍵的就是配置路由信息，新建一個(gè)ocelot.json配置文件，將我們的兩個(gè)API接口匹配規(guī)則放進(jìn)去。

{

  "Routes": [

    //ApiA

    {

      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/WeatherForecast",

      "DownstreamScheme": "http",

      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [

        {

          "Host": "localhost",

          "Port": 5050

        }

      ],

      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiA/WeatherForecast",

      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get" ]

    },

    {

      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/ApiA",

      "DownstreamScheme": "http",

      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [

        {

          "Host": "localhost",

          "Port": 5050

        }

      ],

      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiA",

      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get", "POST" ]

    },

    {

      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/ApiA/{id}",

      "DownstreamScheme": "http",

      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [

        {

          "Host": "localhost",

          "Port": 5050

        }

      ],

      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiA/{id}",

      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get", "Put", "Delete" ]

    },

    //ApiB

    {

      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/WeatherForecast",

      "DownstreamScheme": "http",

      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [

        {

          "Host": "localhost",

          "Port": 5051

        }

      ],

      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiB/WeatherForecast",

      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get" ]

    },

    {

      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/ApiB",

      "DownstreamScheme": "http",

      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [

        {

          "Host": "localhost",

          "Port": 5051

        }

      ],

      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiB",

      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get", "POST" ]

    },

    {

      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/ApiB/{id}",

      "DownstreamScheme": "http",

      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [

        {

          "Host": "localhost",

          "Port": 5051

        }

      ],

      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ApiB/{id}",

      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "Get", "Put", "Delete" ]

    }

  ],

  "GlobalConfiguration": {

    "BaseUrl": "https://localhost:44335"

  }

}

關(guān)于配置文件中的各項(xiàng)具體含義，可以參考官方文檔中的介紹。主要就是將DownstreamPathTemplate模板內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)換為UpstreamPathTemplate模板內(nèi)容進(jìn)行接口的訪問(wèn)，同時(shí)可以指定HTTP請(qǐng)求的方式等等。GlobalConfiguration中的BaseUrl為我們暴漏出去的網(wǎng)關(guān)地址。

設(shè)置好ocelot.json后，需要在代碼中使用它，在Program.cs中添加配置文件。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;

using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;



namespace Api_Gateway

{

    public class Program

    {

        public static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();

        }



        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>

            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)

                .ConfigureAppConfiguration((context, config) =>

                {

                    config.AddJsonFile("ocelot.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true);

                })

                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>

                {

                    webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();

                });

    }

}

在Startup.cs中使用Ocelot。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;

using Ocelot.DependencyInjection;

using Ocelot.Middleware;



namespace Api_Gateway

{

    public class Startup

    {

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

        {

            services.AddOcelot();

        }



        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)

        {

            if (env.IsDevelopment())

            {

                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

            }



            app.UseRouting();



            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>

            {

                endpoints.MapGet("/", async context =>

                {

                    await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");

                });

            });



            app.UseOcelot().Wait();

        }

    }

}

完成以上操作后，我們?cè)囍フ{(diào)用接口看看能否正確獲取預(yù)期數(shù)據(jù)。

curl -X GET "https://localhost:44335/ApiA"

curl -X GET "https://localhost:44335/ApiB"



curl -X POST "https://localhost:44335/ApiA" -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" -F "value=ApiA"

curl -X POST "https://localhost:44335/ApiB" -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" -F "value=ApiB"



curl -X GET "https://localhost:44335/ApiA/12345"

curl -X GET "https://localhost:44335/ApiB/12345"



curl -X PUT "https://localhost:44335/ApiA/12345" -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" -F "value=ApiA"

curl -X PUT "https://localhost:44335/ApiB/12345" -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" -F "value=ApiB"



curl -X DELETE "https://localhost:44335/ApiA/12345"

curl -X DELETE "https://localhost:44335/ApiB/12345"



curl -X GET "https://localhost:44335/ApiA/WeatherForecast"

curl -X GET "https://localhost:44335/ApiB/WeatherForecast"

可以看到，兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的接口全部可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)關(guān)項(xiàng)目暴露的地址進(jìn)行中轉(zhuǎn)，是不是很方便？

本篇只是簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用，對(duì)于Ocelot的功能遠(yuǎn)不止于此，它非常強(qiáng)大，還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)請(qǐng)求聚合、服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)、認(rèn)證、鑒權(quán)、限流熔斷、并內(nèi)置了負(fù)載均衡器，而且這些功能都是只需要簡(jiǎn)單的配置即可完成。就不一一描述了，如有實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)需求和問(wèn)題，可以查看官方文檔和示例。

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